Owner: firmpower_NR
Status:
Technology Type: Storage - Battery
Fuel Type: Other - Other
DUID:
Capacity: 0 MW
Full Commercial Use Date:
Expected Closure Year:
Closure Date:
29 May 2026 04:00 → 30 May 2026 04:00 AEST · data through 30 May 2026, 04:00
| Capex total (greenfield) | — |
|---|---|
| Capex refurbishment | — |
| Capex / MW default | $400,000 |
| Capex / MWh storage default | $350,000 |
| Fixed OPEX (annual) | — |
| Fixed OPEX / MW-yr default | $25,000 |
| Variable OPEX / MWh default | $1.50 |
| Fuel cost / GJ | — |
| Heat rate GJ/MWh | — |
Confidence: unknown · Status: needs review · Capex basis: unknown
Raw extraction below is pre-escalation (nominal source-year values). Values saved to the profile and shown in the table above are adjusted to 2026 real AUD.
Model: gpt-5.5 · Reasoning: medium · Fetched 04 Jun 2026 07:30 · ID: resp_019d0cf026f340c7006a209c5f5c7c8196b2f733ddc627ec80
{
"generator_identity": {
"site_name": "Awaba BESS",
"duid": null,
"owner": "AGL Energy / formerly Firm Power project pipeline",
"region": "NSW - Hunter-Central Coast REZ, Toronto / Lake Macquarie",
"technology_type": "Storage - Battery",
"fuel_type": "Other - Other"
},
"financial_profile": {
"generator_type_normalised": "Battery Energy Storage System - stand-alone lithium-ion, approximately 2-hour duration",
"capex_total_aud": 66747200,
"capex_year": 2025,
"capex_basis": "estimated",
"capex_per_mw_aud": 993262,
"capex_per_mwh_aud": 667472,
"fixed_opex_annual_aud": 893760,
"fixed_opex_per_mw_year_aud": 13300,
"variable_opex_per_mwh_aud": null,
"fuel_cost_per_gj_aud": null,
"fuel_contract_notes": "No fuel contract applicable. As a BESS, the asset buys electricity from the grid or contracted sources to charge and earns revenue from discharge, FCAS and other services; charging energy cost is market/contract dependent and not a thermal fuel cost.",
"heat_rate_gj_per_mwh": null,
"efficiency_pct": 84,
"emissions_intensity_tco2_mwh": 0,
"asset_life_years": 20,
"discount_rate_pct": null,
"source_confidence": "medium",
"data_status": "partially_verified",
"notes": "No Awaba-specific reported construction cost, O&M contract, battery supplier, offtake/tolling/fuel equivalent contract, or online/COD was found in public sources. Planning sources describe the approved project as 50 MW / 100 MWh, while the user supplied 67.2 MW / 100 MWh; the financial estimate uses the user-supplied 67.2 MW power rating and 100 MWh storage energy. Estimated capex is based on AEMO/Aurecon 2025 IASR technology-cost parameters for a 2-hour 200 MW stand-alone BESS with dedicated grid connection: AUD 526/kW power component plus AUD 314/kWh energy component, scaled to 67.2 MW / 100 MWh. Fixed opex uses AEMO/Aurecon 2-hour BESS fixed O&M of AUD 8,000/MW-year plus indicative 20-year LFP extended warranty cost of AUD 5,300/MW-year. Variable O&M is left null because Aurecon states BESS long-term service agreements are not typically structured on fixed/variable terms. Efficiency is beginning-of-life round-trip efficiency at point of connection including auxiliaries for a 2-hour BESS. Direct operational emissions intensity is entered as 0 tCO2e/MWh on the basis that BESS operation does not generate direct emissions; indirect emissions from charging energy and round-trip losses depend on dispatch and grid mix and are not generator-fixed. Major refurbishment/closure: AEMO/Aurecon assumes 20-year economic and technical life, potential extension to about 25 years depending on condition assessment, and further extension possible with battery upgrades. NSW Planning listed Awaba as Approved, not Operational, with approval date 22/12/2023; AGL describes it as a proposed battery with development approval obtained in December 2023."
},
"sources": [
{
"field_name": "site_status_capacity_approval",
"value_text": "Approved storage project in Toronto, Hunter-Central Coast REZ; storage capacity 50 MW / 100 MWh; approval date 22/12/2023; 32 potential jobs; carbon emissions avoided in first year N/A.",
"value_numeric": 100,
"unit": "MWh",
"source_url": "https://www.planning.nsw.gov.au/policy-and-legislation/renewable-energy",
"source_title": "Renewable energy - NSW Planning renewable energy projects table",
"publisher": "NSW Department of Planning, Housing and Infrastructure",
"published_date": "2026-04-30",
"confidence": "high",
"raw_excerpt": "Full details for entry Awaba Battery Energy Storage System ... Project type Storage ... Status Approved ... Location Toronto ... Renewable Energy Zone Hunter-Central Coast REZ ... Storage Capacity (MW/MWh) 50 MW / 100 MWh ... Carbon Emissions avoided in first year (Tonnes CO2e) N/A ... Potential number of jobs created 32 ... Approval date 22/12/2023.",
"ai_summary": "Official NSW Planning table confirms Awaba BESS is approved, located at Toronto in the Hunter-Central Coast REZ, and approved as 50 MW / 100 MWh on 22 December 2023."
},
{
"field_name": "site_scope_determination",
"value_text": "Development of a 50 MW / 100 MWh battery energy storage facility with associated infrastructure; approved with determination date 22/12/2023.",
"value_numeric": 50,
"unit": "MW",
"source_url": "https://www.planningportal.nsw.gov.au/major-projects/projects/awaba-battery-energy-storage-system",
"source_title": "Awaba Battery Energy Storage System",
"publisher": "NSW Major Projects Planning Portal",
"published_date": "2023-12-22",
"confidence": "high",
"raw_excerpt": "Development of a 50 MW / 100 MWh battery energy storage facility with associated infrastructure ... Decision Approved ... Determination Date 22/12/2023.",
"ai_summary": "Project planning portal confirms the approved project scope and determination status."
},
{
"field_name": "owner_current_status",
"value_text": "AGL acquired Firm Power and Terrain Solar in August 2024; Awaba Battery is a proposed battery of approximately 50 MW in the Lake Macquarie region and obtained development approval in December 2023.",
"value_numeric": 50,
"unit": "MW",
"source_url": "https://www.agl.com.au/about-agl/operations/pipeline-projects",
"source_title": "Pipeline Projects",
"publisher": "AGL Energy",
"published_date": null,
"confidence": "high",
"raw_excerpt": "In August 2024, AGL announced the acquisition of Firm Power and Terrain Solar. Firm Power was a battery project developer ... Awaba Battery ... A proposed battery of approximately 50 megawatts (MW) capacity in the Lake Macquarie region of NSW. The Awaba Battery obtained development approval in December 2023.",
"ai_summary": "AGL is the current owner/developer of the former Firm Power pipeline and describes Awaba as a proposed 50 MW battery with development approval."
},
{
"field_name": "capex_threshold_planning",
"value_text": "Awaba was considered State Significant Development because electricity generating works had capital investment value of more than AUD 30 million; this is a threshold, not a reported project capex.",
"value_numeric": 30000000,
"unit": "AUD",
"source_url": "https://majorprojects.planningportal.nsw.gov.au/prweb/PRRestService/mp/01/getContent?AttachRef=SSD-29702120%2120211119T035553.837+GMT",
"source_title": "Scoping Report - Awaba Battery Storage Energy Storage System",
"publisher": "Firm Power / NSW Major Projects Planning Portal",
"published_date": "2021-11-19",
"confidence": "medium",
"raw_excerpt": "The proposed development satisfies ... State and Regional Development SEPP ... on the grounds that it is for the purposes of electricity generating works that has a capital investment value of more than $30 million.",
"ai_summary": "Public planning scoping material gives only an SSD capital-investment threshold above AUD 30 million, not an exact construction cost."
},
{
"field_name": "capex_total_aud",
"value_text": "Estimated EPC capex for 67.2 MW / 100 MWh using AEMO/Aurecon 2-hour stand-alone BESS with dedicated grid connection: AUD 526/kW power component and AUD 314/kWh energy component. Calculation: 67,200 kW × 526 + 100,000 kWh × 314 = AUD 66.7472 million.",
"value_numeric": 66747200,
"unit": "AUD",
"source_url": "https://www.aemo.com.au/-/media/files/stakeholder_consultation/consultations/nem-consultations/2024/2025-iasr-scenarios/final-docs/aurecon-2024-energy-technology-cost-technical-parameter-review-report.pdf",
"source_title": "2024 Energy Technology Cost and Technical Parameter Review",
"publisher": "Aurecon for AEMO",
"published_date": "2025-05-09",
"confidence": "medium",
"raw_excerpt": "CAPEX – EPC cost for 200 MW BESS (with dedicated grid connection) ... Relative cost - Power component $/kW ... 2 hours 526 ... Relative cost - Energy component $/kWh ... 2 hours 314 ... Total EPC cost $M ... 2 hours 230.8.",
"ai_summary": "AEMO/Aurecon provides generic 2-hour stand-alone BESS EPC cost parameters. These were scaled to the user-supplied Awaba capacity because no project-specific capex was found."
},
{
"field_name": "capex_per_mw_aud",
"value_text": "Estimated AUD 993,262/MW, derived from estimated total capex AUD 66.7472 million divided by user-supplied 67.2 MW.",
"value_numeric": 993262,
"unit": "AUD/MW",
"source_url": "https://www.aemo.com.au/-/media/files/stakeholder_consultation/consultations/nem-consultations/2024/2025-iasr-scenarios/final-docs/aurecon-2024-energy-technology-cost-technical-parameter-review-report.pdf",
"source_title": "2024 Energy Technology Cost and Technical Parameter Review",
"publisher": "Aurecon for AEMO",
"published_date": "2025-05-09",
"confidence": "medium",
"raw_excerpt": "Relative cost - Power component $/kW ... 2 hours 526 ... Relative cost - Energy component $/kWh ... 2 hours 314 ... Total EPC cost $M ... 2 hours 230.8.",
"ai_summary": "Unit capex per MW is a derived estimate using AEMO/Aurecon generic BESS costs and the user-provided 67.2 MW rating."
},
{
"field_name": "capex_per_mwh_aud",
"value_text": "Estimated AUD 667,472/MWh, derived from estimated total capex AUD 66.7472 million divided by 100 MWh storage capacity.",
"value_numeric": 667472,
"unit": "AUD/MWh",
"source_url": "https://www.aemo.com.au/-/media/files/stakeholder_consultation/consultations/nem-consultations/2024/2025-iasr-scenarios/final-docs/aurecon-2024-energy-technology-cost-technical-parameter-review-report.pdf",
"source_title": "2024 Energy Technology Cost and Technical Parameter Review",
"publisher": "Aurecon for AEMO",
"published_date": "2025-05-09",
"confidence": "medium",
"raw_excerpt": "Relative cost - Power component $/kW ... 2 hours 526 ... Relative cost - Energy component $/kWh ... 2 hours 314 ... Total EPC cost $M ... 2 hours 230.8.",
"ai_summary": "Unit capex per MWh is a derived estimate using AEMO/Aurecon generic BESS costs and 100 MWh storage capacity."
},
{
"field_name": "fixed_opex_per_mw_year_aud",
"value_text": "Estimated fixed opex including extended warranty: AUD 13,300/MW-year, made up of AUD 8,000/MW-year fixed O&M plus AUD 5,300/MW-year indicative 20-year LFP extended warranty for a 2-hour BESS.",
"value_numeric": 13300,
"unit": "AUD/MW-year",
"source_url": "https://www.aemo.com.au/-/media/files/stakeholder_consultation/consultations/nem-consultations/2024/2025-iasr-scenarios/final-docs/aurecon-2024-energy-technology-cost-technical-parameter-review-report.pdf",
"source_title": "2024 Energy Technology Cost and Technical Parameter Review",
"publisher": "Aurecon for AEMO",
"published_date": "2025-05-09",
"confidence": "medium",
"raw_excerpt": "OPEX – Annual Fixed O&M Cost $/MW (Net) ... 2 hours 8,000 ... Extended warranty (20-year battery life) $/MW (Net) ... 2 hours 5,300 ... Total annual O&M Cost (Fixed O&M + extended warranties) $k ... 2 hours 2,660.",
"ai_summary": "AEMO/Aurecon 2-hour BESS fixed O&M plus extended warranty costs were used as a generic opex estimate."
},
{
"field_name": "fixed_opex_annual_aud",
"value_text": "Estimated annual fixed opex including extended warranty: 67.2 MW × AUD 13,300/MW-year = AUD 893,760/year.",
"value_numeric": 893760,
"unit": "AUD/year",
"source_url": "https://www.aemo.com.au/-/media/files/stakeholder_consultation/consultations/nem-consultations/2024/2025-iasr-scenarios/final-docs/aurecon-2024-energy-technology-cost-technical-parameter-review-report.pdf",
"source_title": "2024 Energy Technology Cost and Technical Parameter Review",
"publisher": "Aurecon for AEMO",
"published_date": "2025-05-09",
"confidence": "medium",
"raw_excerpt": "OPEX – Annual Fixed O&M Cost $/MW (Net) ... 2 hours 8,000 ... Extended warranty (20-year battery life) $/MW (Net) ... 2 hours 5,300 ... Total annual O&M Cost (Fixed O&M + extended warranties) $k ... 2 hours 2,660.",
"ai_summary": "Annual fixed opex is a derived estimate scaled from AEMO/Aurecon generic 2-hour BESS O&M and warranty cost assumptions."
},
{
"field_name": "variable_opex_per_mwh_aud",
"value_text": "Not estimated as a per-MWh variable cost because AEMO/Aurecon states BESS long-term service agreements are not typically based on fixed/variable structures.",
"value_numeric": null,
"unit": "AUD/MWh",
"source_url": "https://www.aemo.com.au/-/media/files/stakeholder_consultation/consultations/nem-consultations/2024/2025-iasr-scenarios/final-docs/aurecon-2024-energy-technology-cost-technical-parameter-review-report.pdf",
"source_title": "2024 Energy Technology Cost and Technical Parameter Review",
"publisher": "Aurecon for AEMO",
"published_date": "2025-05-09",
"confidence": "medium",
"raw_excerpt": "Variable O&M Cost $/MWh (Net) - - - - BESS long term service agreements not typically based on fixed / variable.",
"ai_summary": "Variable O&M is not separately quantified for the BESS technology default."
},
{
"field_name": "fuel_cost_or_contract",
"value_text": "No fuel cost applicable; BESS stores electricity from the network or co-located generation for later use. Awaba is described as a stand-alone battery, so charging energy cost is an electricity procurement/market exposure, not a fuel contract.",
"value_numeric": null,
"unit": null,
"source_url": "https://www.aemo.com.au/-/media/files/stakeholder_consultation/consultations/nem-consultations/2024/2025-iasr-scenarios/final-docs/aurecon-2024-energy-technology-cost-technical-parameter-review-report.pdf",
"source_title": "2024 Energy Technology Cost and Technical Parameter Review",
"publisher": "Aurecon for AEMO",
"published_date": "2025-05-09",
"confidence": "medium",
"raw_excerpt": "A battery energy storage system (BESS) stores electricity from the network or co-located generation plant, for use at a later point as needed ... Arbitrage (market participation) – buying energy (charging the BESS) at one market price and selling the energy (BESS dis-charge) at another, typically higher, market price.",
"ai_summary": "The relevant cost exposure is charging electricity, not fuel. No Awaba-specific charging or tolling agreement was found."
},
{
"field_name": "efficiency_pct",
"value_text": "2-hour BESS beginning-of-life round-trip efficiency at point of connection, including auxiliaries: 84%.",
"value_numeric": 84,
"unit": "%",
"source_url": "https://www.aemo.com.au/-/media/files/stakeholder_consultation/consultations/nem-consultations/2024/2025-iasr-scenarios/final-docs/aurecon-2024-energy-technology-cost-technical-parameter-review-report.pdf",
"source_title": "2024 Energy Technology Cost and Technical Parameter Review",
"publisher": "Aurecon for AEMO",
"published_date": "2025-05-09",
"confidence": "medium",
"raw_excerpt": "Round trip efficiency (Beginning of Life [BOL]) % ... 1 hour 84 2 hours 84 4 hours 85 8 hours 85 ... Typical round trip efficiency (@ BOL), at the point of connection (including auxiliaries), for a full cycle of charge and discharge.",
"ai_summary": "Generic technology assumption used because no Awaba-specific round-trip efficiency was found."
},
{
"field_name": "asset_life_years",
"value_text": "Economic life/design life and technical/operational life for large-scale lithium-ion BESS: 20 years; may potentially extend to approximately 25 years depending on condition assessment, with further extension possible via battery upgrades.",
"value_numeric": 20,
"unit": "years",
"source_url": "https://www.aemo.com.au/-/media/files/stakeholder_consultation/consultations/nem-consultations/2024/2025-iasr-scenarios/final-docs/aurecon-2024-energy-technology-cost-technical-parameter-review-report.pdf",
"source_title": "2024 Energy Technology Cost and Technical Parameter Review",
"publisher": "Aurecon for AEMO",
"published_date": "2025-05-09",
"confidence": "medium",
"raw_excerpt": "Economic Life (Design Life) Years 20 ... Technical Life (Operational Life) Years 20 Life may potentially be extended to approx. 25 years depending on condition assessment after initial 20-year life. Thereafter potential to extend project life with battery upgrades.",
"ai_summary": "AEMO/Aurecon generic life/refurbishment assumption used for Awaba due to absence of project-specific refurbishment plan."
},
{
"field_name": "major_refurbishment_or_closure_notes",
"value_text": "No Awaba-specific refurbishment or closure date found. Generic BESS note: extension to about 25 years may be possible after condition assessment; further life extension may require battery upgrades.",
"value_numeric": 25,
"unit": "years",
"source_url": "https://www.aemo.com.au/-/media/files/stakeholder_consultation/consultations/nem-consultations/2024/2025-iasr-scenarios/final-docs/aurecon-2024-energy-technology-cost-technical-parameter-review-report.pdf",
"source_title": "2024 Energy Technology Cost and Technical Parameter Review",
"publisher": "Aurecon for AEMO",
"published_date": "2025-05-09",
"confidence": "medium",
"raw_excerpt": "Life may potentially be extended to approx. 25 years depending on condition assessment after initial 20-year life. Thereafter potential to extend project life with battery upgrades.",
"ai_summary": "This is the best available default for refurbishment/life-extension notes, not Awaba-specific."
},
{
"field_name": "emissions_intensity_tco2_mwh",
"value_text": "Direct operational emissions entered as 0 tCO2e/MWh. Battery operation itself does not generate direct emissions; however, BESS output may have indirect emissions from round-trip efficiency losses depending on charging mix. NSW Planning lists Awaba's first-year avoided carbon emissions as N/A.",
"value_numeric": 0,
"unit": "tCO2e/MWh",
"source_url": "https://majorprojects.planningportal.nsw.gov.au/prweb/PRRestService/mp/01/getContent?AttachRef=SSD-15950052%2120210329T034000.017+GMT",
"source_title": "Eraring Battery Energy Storage System Scoping Report",
"publisher": "Jacobs / Origin Energy / NSW Major Projects Planning Portal",
"published_date": "2021-03-29",
"confidence": "medium",
"raw_excerpt": "The operation of the Battery does not generate direct emissions. Instead, it increases the GHG intensity of the electricity supplied to the National Energy Market (NEM) via the BESS as a result of system round-trip efficiency losses.",
"ai_summary": "A comparable NSW BESS planning report states BESS operation has no direct emissions but can increase indirect NEM emissions due to losses. Applied as a generic BESS operating-emissions assumption."
}
],
"warnings": [
"No Awaba-specific reported capex, EPC contract value, OEM/LTSA cost, fixed O&M, variable O&M, tolling/offtake, or charging electricity contract was found in public sources.",
"Official NSW Planning and AGL sources describe the approved Awaba project as approximately 50 MW / 100 MWh, whereas the user supplied 67.2 MW / 100 MWh. Financial estimates use the user-supplied 67.2 MW and 100 MWh but source-backed planning scope remains 50 MW / 100 MWh.",
"Awaba appears approved/proposed rather than operational as of the latest cited NSW Planning table update on 30 April 2026; no DUID or online date was found in the searched public sources.",
"Capex and opex are technology-default estimates from AEMO/Aurecon, not reported Awaba project costs. Capex_basis is therefore marked estimated.",
"Emissions intensity is direct operational only. Indirect emissions from charging and round-trip losses are dispatch-dependent and not represented by a fixed generator emissions intensity."
]
}
{
"meta": {
"model": "gpt-5.5",
"reasoning_effort": "medium",
"response_id": "resp_019d0cf026f340c7006a209c5f5c7c8196b2f733ddc627ec80",
"fetched_at": "2026-06-04T07:30:19+10:00"
},
"raw_text": "{\"generator_identity\":{\"site_name\":\"Awaba BESS\",\"duid\":null,\"owner\":\"AGL Energy / formerly Firm Power project pipeline\",\"region\":\"NSW - Hunter-Central Coast REZ, Toronto / Lake Macquarie\",\"technology_type\":\"Storage - Battery\",\"fuel_type\":\"Other - Other\"},\"financial_profile\":{\"generator_type_normalised\":\"Battery Energy Storage System - stand-alone lithium-ion, approximately 2-hour duration\",\"capex_total_aud\":66747200,\"capex_year\":2025,\"capex_basis\":\"estimated\",\"capex_per_mw_aud\":993262,\"capex_per_mwh_aud\":667472,\"fixed_opex_annual_aud\":893760,\"fixed_opex_per_mw_year_aud\":13300,\"variable_opex_per_mwh_aud\":null,\"fuel_cost_per_gj_aud\":null,\"fuel_contract_notes\":\"No fuel contract applicable. As a BESS, the asset buys electricity from the grid or contracted sources to charge and earns revenue from discharge, FCAS and other services; charging energy cost is market/contract dependent and not a thermal fuel cost.\",\"heat_rate_gj_per_mwh\":null,\"efficiency_pct\":84,\"emissions_intensity_tco2_mwh\":0,\"asset_life_years\":20,\"discount_rate_pct\":null,\"source_confidence\":\"medium\",\"data_status\":\"partially_verified\",\"notes\":\"No Awaba-specific reported construction cost, O&M contract, battery supplier, offtake/tolling/fuel equivalent contract, or online/COD was found in public sources. Planning sources describe the approved project as 50 MW / 100 MWh, while the user supplied 67.2 MW / 100 MWh; the financial estimate uses the user-supplied 67.2 MW power rating and 100 MWh storage energy. Estimated capex is based on AEMO/Aurecon 2025 IASR technology-cost parameters for a 2-hour 200 MW stand-alone BESS with dedicated grid connection: AUD 526/kW power component plus AUD 314/kWh energy component, scaled to 67.2 MW / 100 MWh. Fixed opex uses AEMO/Aurecon 2-hour BESS fixed O&M of AUD 8,000/MW-year plus indicative 20-year LFP extended warranty cost of AUD 5,300/MW-year. Variable O&M is left null because Aurecon states BESS long-term service agreements are not typically structured on fixed/variable terms. Efficiency is beginning-of-life round-trip efficiency at point of connection including auxiliaries for a 2-hour BESS. Direct operational emissions intensity is entered as 0 tCO2e/MWh on the basis that BESS operation does not generate direct emissions; indirect emissions from charging energy and round-trip losses depend on dispatch and grid mix and are not generator-fixed. Major refurbishment/closure: AEMO/Aurecon assumes 20-year economic and technical life, potential extension to about 25 years depending on condition assessment, and further extension possible with battery upgrades. NSW Planning listed Awaba as Approved, not Operational, with approval date 22/12/2023; AGL describes it as a proposed battery with development approval obtained in December 2023.\"},\"sources\":[{\"field_name\":\"site_status_capacity_approval\",\"value_text\":\"Approved storage project in Toronto, Hunter-Central Coast REZ; storage capacity 50 MW / 100 MWh; approval date 22/12/2023; 32 potential jobs; carbon emissions avoided in first year N/A.\",\"value_numeric\":100,\"unit\":\"MWh\",\"source_url\":\"https://www.planning.nsw.gov.au/policy-and-legislation/renewable-energy\",\"source_title\":\"Renewable energy - NSW Planning renewable energy projects table\",\"publisher\":\"NSW Department of Planning, Housing and Infrastructure\",\"published_date\":\"2026-04-30\",\"confidence\":\"high\",\"raw_excerpt\":\"Full details for entry Awaba Battery Energy Storage System ... Project type Storage ... Status Approved ... Location Toronto ... Renewable Energy Zone Hunter-Central Coast REZ ... Storage Capacity (MW/MWh) 50 MW / 100 MWh ... Carbon Emissions avoided in first year (Tonnes CO2e) N/A ... Potential number of jobs created 32 ... Approval date 22/12/2023.\",\"ai_summary\":\"Official NSW Planning table confirms Awaba BESS is approved, located at Toronto in the Hunter-Central Coast REZ, and approved as 50 MW / 100 MWh on 22 December 2023.\"},{\"field_name\":\"site_scope_determination\",\"value_text\":\"Development of a 50 MW / 100 MWh battery energy storage facility with associated infrastructure; approved with determination date 22/12/2023.\",\"value_numeric\":50,\"unit\":\"MW\",\"source_url\":\"https://www.planningportal.nsw.gov.au/major-projects/projects/awaba-battery-energy-storage-system\",\"source_title\":\"Awaba Battery Energy Storage System\",\"publisher\":\"NSW Major Projects Planning Portal\",\"published_date\":\"2023-12-22\",\"confidence\":\"high\",\"raw_excerpt\":\"Development of a 50 MW / 100 MWh battery energy storage facility with associated infrastructure ... Decision Approved ... Determination Date 22/12/2023.\",\"ai_summary\":\"Project planning portal confirms the approved project scope and determination status.\"},{\"field_name\":\"owner_current_status\",\"value_text\":\"AGL acquired Firm Power and Terrain Solar in August 2024; Awaba Battery is a proposed battery of approximately 50 MW in the Lake Macquarie region and obtained development approval in December 2023.\",\"value_numeric\":50,\"unit\":\"MW\",\"source_url\":\"https://www.agl.com.au/about-agl/operations/pipeline-projects\",\"source_title\":\"Pipeline Projects\",\"publisher\":\"AGL Energy\",\"published_date\":null,\"confidence\":\"high\",\"raw_excerpt\":\"In August 2024, AGL announced the acquisition of Firm Power and Terrain Solar. Firm Power was a battery project developer ... Awaba Battery ... A proposed battery of approximately 50 megawatts (MW) capacity in the Lake Macquarie region of NSW. The Awaba Battery obtained development approval in December 2023.\",\"ai_summary\":\"AGL is the current owner/developer of the former Firm Power pipeline and describes Awaba as a proposed 50 MW battery with development approval.\"},{\"field_name\":\"capex_threshold_planning\",\"value_text\":\"Awaba was considered State Significant Development because electricity generating works had capital investment value of more than AUD 30 million; this is a threshold, not a reported project capex.\",\"value_numeric\":30000000,\"unit\":\"AUD\",\"source_url\":\"https://majorprojects.planningportal.nsw.gov.au/prweb/PRRestService/mp/01/getContent?AttachRef=SSD-29702120%2120211119T035553.837+GMT\",\"source_title\":\"Scoping Report - Awaba Battery Storage Energy Storage System\",\"publisher\":\"Firm Power / NSW Major Projects Planning Portal\",\"published_date\":\"2021-11-19\",\"confidence\":\"medium\",\"raw_excerpt\":\"The proposed development satisfies ... State and Regional Development SEPP ... on the grounds that it is for the purposes of electricity generating works that has a capital investment value of more than $30 million.\",\"ai_summary\":\"Public planning scoping material gives only an SSD capital-investment threshold above AUD 30 million, not an exact construction cost.\"},{\"field_name\":\"capex_total_aud\",\"value_text\":\"Estimated EPC capex for 67.2 MW / 100 MWh using AEMO/Aurecon 2-hour stand-alone BESS with dedicated grid connection: AUD 526/kW power component and AUD 314/kWh energy component. Calculation: 67,200 kW × 526 + 100,000 kWh × 314 = AUD 66.7472 million.\",\"value_numeric\":66747200,\"unit\":\"AUD\",\"source_url\":\"https://www.aemo.com.au/-/media/files/stakeholder_consultation/consultations/nem-consultations/2024/2025-iasr-scenarios/final-docs/aurecon-2024-energy-technology-cost-technical-parameter-review-report.pdf\",\"source_title\":\"2024 Energy Technology Cost and Technical Parameter Review\",\"publisher\":\"Aurecon for AEMO\",\"published_date\":\"2025-05-09\",\"confidence\":\"medium\",\"raw_excerpt\":\"CAPEX – EPC cost for 200 MW BESS (with dedicated grid connection) ... Relative cost - Power component $/kW ... 2 hours 526 ... Relative cost - Energy component $/kWh ... 2 hours 314 ... Total EPC cost $M ... 2 hours 230.8.\",\"ai_summary\":\"AEMO/Aurecon provides generic 2-hour stand-alone BESS EPC cost parameters. These were scaled to the user-supplied Awaba capacity because no project-specific capex was found.\"},{\"field_name\":\"capex_per_mw_aud\",\"value_text\":\"Estimated AUD 993,262/MW, derived from estimated total capex AUD 66.7472 million divided by user-supplied 67.2 MW.\",\"value_numeric\":993262,\"unit\":\"AUD/MW\",\"source_url\":\"https://www.aemo.com.au/-/media/files/stakeholder_consultation/consultations/nem-consultations/2024/2025-iasr-scenarios/final-docs/aurecon-2024-energy-technology-cost-technical-parameter-review-report.pdf\",\"source_title\":\"2024 Energy Technology Cost and Technical Parameter Review\",\"publisher\":\"Aurecon for AEMO\",\"published_date\":\"2025-05-09\",\"confidence\":\"medium\",\"raw_excerpt\":\"Relative cost - Power component $/kW ... 2 hours 526 ... Relative cost - Energy component $/kWh ... 2 hours 314 ... Total EPC cost $M ... 2 hours 230.8.\",\"ai_summary\":\"Unit capex per MW is a derived estimate using AEMO/Aurecon generic BESS costs and the user-provided 67.2 MW rating.\"},{\"field_name\":\"capex_per_mwh_aud\",\"value_text\":\"Estimated AUD 667,472/MWh, derived from estimated total capex AUD 66.7472 million divided by 100 MWh storage capacity.\",\"value_numeric\":667472,\"unit\":\"AUD/MWh\",\"source_url\":\"https://www.aemo.com.au/-/media/files/stakeholder_consultation/consultations/nem-consultations/2024/2025-iasr-scenarios/final-docs/aurecon-2024-energy-technology-cost-technical-parameter-review-report.pdf\",\"source_title\":\"2024 Energy Technology Cost and Technical Parameter Review\",\"publisher\":\"Aurecon for AEMO\",\"published_date\":\"2025-05-09\",\"confidence\":\"medium\",\"raw_excerpt\":\"Relative cost - Power component $/kW ... 2 hours 526 ... Relative cost - Energy component $/kWh ... 2 hours 314 ... Total EPC cost $M ... 2 hours 230.8.\",\"ai_summary\":\"Unit capex per MWh is a derived estimate using AEMO/Aurecon generic BESS costs and 100 MWh storage capacity.\"},{\"field_name\":\"fixed_opex_per_mw_year_aud\",\"value_text\":\"Estimated fixed opex including extended warranty: AUD 13,300/MW-year, made up of AUD 8,000/MW-year fixed O&M plus AUD 5,300/MW-year indicative 20-year LFP extended warranty for a 2-hour BESS.\",\"value_numeric\":13300,\"unit\":\"AUD/MW-year\",\"source_url\":\"https://www.aemo.com.au/-/media/files/stakeholder_consultation/consultations/nem-consultations/2024/2025-iasr-scenarios/final-docs/aurecon-2024-energy-technology-cost-technical-parameter-review-report.pdf\",\"source_title\":\"2024 Energy Technology Cost and Technical Parameter Review\",\"publisher\":\"Aurecon for AEMO\",\"published_date\":\"2025-05-09\",\"confidence\":\"medium\",\"raw_excerpt\":\"OPEX – Annual Fixed O&M Cost $/MW (Net) ... 2 hours 8,000 ... Extended warranty (20-year battery life) $/MW (Net) ... 2 hours 5,300 ... Total annual O&M Cost (Fixed O&M + extended warranties) $k ... 2 hours 2,660.\",\"ai_summary\":\"AEMO/Aurecon 2-hour BESS fixed O&M plus extended warranty costs were used as a generic opex estimate.\"},{\"field_name\":\"fixed_opex_annual_aud\",\"value_text\":\"Estimated annual fixed opex including extended warranty: 67.2 MW × AUD 13,300/MW-year = AUD 893,760/year.\",\"value_numeric\":893760,\"unit\":\"AUD/year\",\"source_url\":\"https://www.aemo.com.au/-/media/files/stakeholder_consultation/consultations/nem-consultations/2024/2025-iasr-scenarios/final-docs/aurecon-2024-energy-technology-cost-technical-parameter-review-report.pdf\",\"source_title\":\"2024 Energy Technology Cost and Technical Parameter Review\",\"publisher\":\"Aurecon for AEMO\",\"published_date\":\"2025-05-09\",\"confidence\":\"medium\",\"raw_excerpt\":\"OPEX – Annual Fixed O&M Cost $/MW (Net) ... 2 hours 8,000 ... Extended warranty (20-year battery life) $/MW (Net) ... 2 hours 5,300 ... Total annual O&M Cost (Fixed O&M + extended warranties) $k ... 2 hours 2,660.\",\"ai_summary\":\"Annual fixed opex is a derived estimate scaled from AEMO/Aurecon generic 2-hour BESS O&M and warranty cost assumptions.\"},{\"field_name\":\"variable_opex_per_mwh_aud\",\"value_text\":\"Not estimated as a per-MWh variable cost because AEMO/Aurecon states BESS long-term service agreements are not typically based on fixed/variable structures.\",\"value_numeric\":null,\"unit\":\"AUD/MWh\",\"source_url\":\"https://www.aemo.com.au/-/media/files/stakeholder_consultation/consultations/nem-consultations/2024/2025-iasr-scenarios/final-docs/aurecon-2024-energy-technology-cost-technical-parameter-review-report.pdf\",\"source_title\":\"2024 Energy Technology Cost and Technical Parameter Review\",\"publisher\":\"Aurecon for AEMO\",\"published_date\":\"2025-05-09\",\"confidence\":\"medium\",\"raw_excerpt\":\"Variable O&M Cost $/MWh (Net) - - - - BESS long term service agreements not typically based on fixed / variable.\",\"ai_summary\":\"Variable O&M is not separately quantified for the BESS technology default.\"},{\"field_name\":\"fuel_cost_or_contract\",\"value_text\":\"No fuel cost applicable; BESS stores electricity from the network or co-located generation for later use. Awaba is described as a stand-alone battery, so charging energy cost is an electricity procurement/market exposure, not a fuel contract.\",\"value_numeric\":null,\"unit\":null,\"source_url\":\"https://www.aemo.com.au/-/media/files/stakeholder_consultation/consultations/nem-consultations/2024/2025-iasr-scenarios/final-docs/aurecon-2024-energy-technology-cost-technical-parameter-review-report.pdf\",\"source_title\":\"2024 Energy Technology Cost and Technical Parameter Review\",\"publisher\":\"Aurecon for AEMO\",\"published_date\":\"2025-05-09\",\"confidence\":\"medium\",\"raw_excerpt\":\"A battery energy storage system (BESS) stores electricity from the network or co-located generation plant, for use at a later point as needed ... Arbitrage (market participation) – buying energy (charging the BESS) at one market price and selling the energy (BESS dis-charge) at another, typically higher, market price.\",\"ai_summary\":\"The relevant cost exposure is charging electricity, not fuel. No Awaba-specific charging or tolling agreement was found.\"},{\"field_name\":\"efficiency_pct\",\"value_text\":\"2-hour BESS beginning-of-life round-trip efficiency at point of connection, including auxiliaries: 84%.\",\"value_numeric\":84,\"unit\":\"%\",\"source_url\":\"https://www.aemo.com.au/-/media/files/stakeholder_consultation/consultations/nem-consultations/2024/2025-iasr-scenarios/final-docs/aurecon-2024-energy-technology-cost-technical-parameter-review-report.pdf\",\"source_title\":\"2024 Energy Technology Cost and Technical Parameter Review\",\"publisher\":\"Aurecon for AEMO\",\"published_date\":\"2025-05-09\",\"confidence\":\"medium\",\"raw_excerpt\":\"Round trip efficiency (Beginning of Life [BOL]) % ... 1 hour 84 2 hours 84 4 hours 85 8 hours 85 ... Typical round trip efficiency (@ BOL), at the point of connection (including auxiliaries), for a full cycle of charge and discharge.\",\"ai_summary\":\"Generic technology assumption used because no Awaba-specific round-trip efficiency was found.\"},{\"field_name\":\"asset_life_years\",\"value_text\":\"Economic life/design life and technical/operational life for large-scale lithium-ion BESS: 20 years; may potentially extend to approximately 25 years depending on condition assessment, with further extension possible via battery upgrades.\",\"value_numeric\":20,\"unit\":\"years\",\"source_url\":\"https://www.aemo.com.au/-/media/files/stakeholder_consultation/consultations/nem-consultations/2024/2025-iasr-scenarios/final-docs/aurecon-2024-energy-technology-cost-technical-parameter-review-report.pdf\",\"source_title\":\"2024 Energy Technology Cost and Technical Parameter Review\",\"publisher\":\"Aurecon for AEMO\",\"published_date\":\"2025-05-09\",\"confidence\":\"medium\",\"raw_excerpt\":\"Economic Life (Design Life) Years 20 ... Technical Life (Operational Life) Years 20 Life may potentially be extended to approx. 25 years depending on condition assessment after initial 20-year life. Thereafter potential to extend project life with battery upgrades.\",\"ai_summary\":\"AEMO/Aurecon generic life/refurbishment assumption used for Awaba due to absence of project-specific refurbishment plan.\"},{\"field_name\":\"major_refurbishment_or_closure_notes\",\"value_text\":\"No Awaba-specific refurbishment or closure date found. Generic BESS note: extension to about 25 years may be possible after condition assessment; further life extension may require battery upgrades.\",\"value_numeric\":25,\"unit\":\"years\",\"source_url\":\"https://www.aemo.com.au/-/media/files/stakeholder_consultation/consultations/nem-consultations/2024/2025-iasr-scenarios/final-docs/aurecon-2024-energy-technology-cost-technical-parameter-review-report.pdf\",\"source_title\":\"2024 Energy Technology Cost and Technical Parameter Review\",\"publisher\":\"Aurecon for AEMO\",\"published_date\":\"2025-05-09\",\"confidence\":\"medium\",\"raw_excerpt\":\"Life may potentially be extended to approx. 25 years depending on condition assessment after initial 20-year life. Thereafter potential to extend project life with battery upgrades.\",\"ai_summary\":\"This is the best available default for refurbishment/life-extension notes, not Awaba-specific.\"},{\"field_name\":\"emissions_intensity_tco2_mwh\",\"value_text\":\"Direct operational emissions entered as 0 tCO2e/MWh. Battery operation itself does not generate direct emissions; however, BESS output may have indirect emissions from round-trip efficiency losses depending on charging mix. NSW Planning lists Awaba's first-year avoided carbon emissions as N/A.\",\"value_numeric\":0,\"unit\":\"tCO2e/MWh\",\"source_url\":\"https://majorprojects.planningportal.nsw.gov.au/prweb/PRRestService/mp/01/getContent?AttachRef=SSD-15950052%2120210329T034000.017+GMT\",\"source_title\":\"Eraring Battery Energy Storage System Scoping Report\",\"publisher\":\"Jacobs / Origin Energy / NSW Major Projects Planning Portal\",\"published_date\":\"2021-03-29\",\"confidence\":\"medium\",\"raw_excerpt\":\"The operation of the Battery does not generate direct emissions. Instead, it increases the GHG intensity of the electricity supplied to the National Energy Market (NEM) via the BESS as a result of system round-trip efficiency losses.\",\"ai_summary\":\"A comparable NSW BESS planning report states BESS operation has no direct emissions but can increase indirect NEM emissions due to losses. Applied as a generic BESS operating-emissions assumption.\"}],\"warnings\":[\"No Awaba-specific reported capex, EPC contract value, OEM/LTSA cost, fixed O&M, variable O&M, tolling/offtake, or charging electricity contract was found in public sources.\",\"Official NSW Planning and AGL sources describe the approved Awaba project as approximately 50 MW / 100 MWh, whereas the user supplied 67.2 MW / 100 MWh. Financial estimates use the user-supplied 67.2 MW and 100 MWh but source-backed planning scope remains 50 MW / 100 MWh.\",\"Awaba appears approved/proposed rather than operational as of the latest cited NSW Planning table update on 30 April 2026; no DUID or online date was found in the searched public sources.\",\"Capex and opex are technology-default estimates from AEMO/Aurecon, not reported Awaba project costs. Capex_basis is therefore marked estimated.\",\"Emissions intensity is direct operational only. Indirect emissions from charging and round-trip losses are dispatch-dependent and not represented by a fixed generator emissions intensity.\"]}",
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As a BESS, the asset buys electricity from the grid or contracted sources to charge and earns revenue from discharge, FCAS and other services; charging energy cost is market/contract dependent and not a thermal fuel cost.\",\"heat_rate_gj_per_mwh\":null,\"efficiency_pct\":84,\"emissions_intensity_tco2_mwh\":0,\"asset_life_years\":20,\"discount_rate_pct\":null,\"source_confidence\":\"medium\",\"data_status\":\"partially_verified\",\"notes\":\"No Awaba-specific reported construction cost, O&M contract, battery supplier, offtake/tolling/fuel equivalent contract, or online/COD was found in public sources. Planning sources describe the approved project as 50 MW / 100 MWh, while the user supplied 67.2 MW / 100 MWh; the financial estimate uses the user-supplied 67.2 MW power rating and 100 MWh storage energy. Estimated capex is based on AEMO/Aurecon 2025 IASR technology-cost parameters for a 2-hour 200 MW stand-alone BESS with dedicated grid connection: AUD 526/kW power component plus AUD 314/kWh energy component, scaled to 67.2 MW / 100 MWh. Fixed opex uses AEMO/Aurecon 2-hour BESS fixed O&M of AUD 8,000/MW-year plus indicative 20-year LFP extended warranty cost of AUD 5,300/MW-year. Variable O&M is left null because Aurecon states BESS long-term service agreements are not typically structured on fixed/variable terms. Efficiency is beginning-of-life round-trip efficiency at point of connection including auxiliaries for a 2-hour BESS. Direct operational emissions intensity is entered as 0 tCO2e/MWh on the basis that BESS operation does not generate direct emissions; indirect emissions from charging energy and round-trip losses depend on dispatch and grid mix and are not generator-fixed. Major refurbishment/closure: AEMO/Aurecon assumes 20-year economic and technical life, potential extension to about 25 years depending on condition assessment, and further extension possible with battery upgrades. NSW Planning listed Awaba as Approved, not Operational, with approval date 22/12/2023; AGL describes it as a proposed battery with development approval obtained in December 2023.\"},\"sources\":[{\"field_name\":\"site_status_capacity_approval\",\"value_text\":\"Approved storage project in Toronto, Hunter-Central Coast REZ; storage capacity 50 MW / 100 MWh; approval date 22/12/2023; 32 potential jobs; carbon emissions avoided in first year N/A.\",\"value_numeric\":100,\"unit\":\"MWh\",\"source_url\":\"https://www.planning.nsw.gov.au/policy-and-legislation/renewable-energy\",\"source_title\":\"Renewable energy - NSW Planning renewable energy projects table\",\"publisher\":\"NSW Department of Planning, Housing and Infrastructure\",\"published_date\":\"2026-04-30\",\"confidence\":\"high\",\"raw_excerpt\":\"Full details for entry Awaba Battery Energy Storage System ... Project type Storage ... Status Approved ... Location Toronto ... Renewable Energy Zone Hunter-Central Coast REZ ... Storage Capacity (MW/MWh) 50 MW / 100 MWh ... Carbon Emissions avoided in first year (Tonnes CO2e) N/A ... Potential number of jobs created 32 ... Approval date 22/12/2023.\",\"ai_summary\":\"Official NSW Planning table confirms Awaba BESS is approved, located at Toronto in the Hunter-Central Coast REZ, and approved as 50 MW / 100 MWh on 22 December 2023.\"},{\"field_name\":\"site_scope_determination\",\"value_text\":\"Development of a 50 MW / 100 MWh battery energy storage facility with associated infrastructure; approved with determination date 22/12/2023.\",\"value_numeric\":50,\"unit\":\"MW\",\"source_url\":\"https://www.planningportal.nsw.gov.au/major-projects/projects/awaba-battery-energy-storage-system\",\"source_title\":\"Awaba Battery Energy Storage System\",\"publisher\":\"NSW Major Projects Planning Portal\",\"published_date\":\"2023-12-22\",\"confidence\":\"high\",\"raw_excerpt\":\"Development of a 50 MW / 100 MWh battery energy storage facility with associated infrastructure ... Decision Approved ... Determination Date 22/12/2023.\",\"ai_summary\":\"Project planning portal confirms the approved project scope and determination status.\"},{\"field_name\":\"owner_current_status\",\"value_text\":\"AGL acquired Firm Power and Terrain Solar in August 2024; Awaba Battery is a proposed battery of approximately 50 MW in the Lake Macquarie region and obtained development approval in December 2023.\",\"value_numeric\":50,\"unit\":\"MW\",\"source_url\":\"https://www.agl.com.au/about-agl/operations/pipeline-projects\",\"source_title\":\"Pipeline Projects\",\"publisher\":\"AGL Energy\",\"published_date\":null,\"confidence\":\"high\",\"raw_excerpt\":\"In August 2024, AGL announced the acquisition of Firm Power and Terrain Solar. Firm Power was a battery project developer ... Awaba Battery ... A proposed battery of approximately 50 megawatts (MW) capacity in the Lake Macquarie region of NSW. The Awaba Battery obtained development approval in December 2023.\",\"ai_summary\":\"AGL is the current owner/developer of the former Firm Power pipeline and describes Awaba as a proposed 50 MW battery with development approval.\"},{\"field_name\":\"capex_threshold_planning\",\"value_text\":\"Awaba was considered State Significant Development because electricity generating works had capital investment value of more than AUD 30 million; this is a threshold, not a reported project capex.\",\"value_numeric\":30000000,\"unit\":\"AUD\",\"source_url\":\"https://majorprojects.planningportal.nsw.gov.au/prweb/PRRestService/mp/01/getContent?AttachRef=SSD-29702120%2120211119T035553.837+GMT\",\"source_title\":\"Scoping Report - Awaba Battery Storage Energy Storage System\",\"publisher\":\"Firm Power / NSW Major Projects Planning Portal\",\"published_date\":\"2021-11-19\",\"confidence\":\"medium\",\"raw_excerpt\":\"The proposed development satisfies ... State and Regional Development SEPP ... on the grounds that it is for the purposes of electricity generating works that has a capital investment value of more than $30 million.\",\"ai_summary\":\"Public planning scoping material gives only an SSD capital-investment threshold above AUD 30 million, not an exact construction cost.\"},{\"field_name\":\"capex_total_aud\",\"value_text\":\"Estimated EPC capex for 67.2 MW / 100 MWh using AEMO/Aurecon 2-hour stand-alone BESS with dedicated grid connection: AUD 526/kW power component and AUD 314/kWh energy component. Calculation: 67,200 kW × 526 + 100,000 kWh × 314 = AUD 66.7472 million.\",\"value_numeric\":66747200,\"unit\":\"AUD\",\"source_url\":\"https://www.aemo.com.au/-/media/files/stakeholder_consultation/consultations/nem-consultations/2024/2025-iasr-scenarios/final-docs/aurecon-2024-energy-technology-cost-technical-parameter-review-report.pdf\",\"source_title\":\"2024 Energy Technology Cost and Technical Parameter Review\",\"publisher\":\"Aurecon for AEMO\",\"published_date\":\"2025-05-09\",\"confidence\":\"medium\",\"raw_excerpt\":\"CAPEX – EPC cost for 200 MW BESS (with dedicated grid connection) ... Relative cost - Power component $/kW ... 2 hours 526 ... Relative cost - Energy component $/kWh ... 2 hours 314 ... Total EPC cost $M ... 2 hours 230.8.\",\"ai_summary\":\"AEMO/Aurecon provides generic 2-hour stand-alone BESS EPC cost parameters. These were scaled to the user-supplied Awaba capacity because no project-specific capex was found.\"},{\"field_name\":\"capex_per_mw_aud\",\"value_text\":\"Estimated AUD 993,262/MW, derived from estimated total capex AUD 66.7472 million divided by user-supplied 67.2 MW.\",\"value_numeric\":993262,\"unit\":\"AUD/MW\",\"source_url\":\"https://www.aemo.com.au/-/media/files/stakeholder_consultation/consultations/nem-consultations/2024/2025-iasr-scenarios/final-docs/aurecon-2024-energy-technology-cost-technical-parameter-review-report.pdf\",\"source_title\":\"2024 Energy Technology Cost and Technical Parameter Review\",\"publisher\":\"Aurecon for AEMO\",\"published_date\":\"2025-05-09\",\"confidence\":\"medium\",\"raw_excerpt\":\"Relative cost - Power component $/kW ... 2 hours 526 ... Relative cost - Energy component $/kWh ... 2 hours 314 ... Total EPC cost $M ... 2 hours 230.8.\",\"ai_summary\":\"Unit capex per MW is a derived estimate using AEMO/Aurecon generic BESS costs and the user-provided 67.2 MW rating.\"},{\"field_name\":\"capex_per_mwh_aud\",\"value_text\":\"Estimated AUD 667,472/MWh, derived from estimated total capex AUD 66.7472 million divided by 100 MWh storage capacity.\",\"value_numeric\":667472,\"unit\":\"AUD/MWh\",\"source_url\":\"https://www.aemo.com.au/-/media/files/stakeholder_consultation/consultations/nem-consultations/2024/2025-iasr-scenarios/final-docs/aurecon-2024-energy-technology-cost-technical-parameter-review-report.pdf\",\"source_title\":\"2024 Energy Technology Cost and Technical Parameter Review\",\"publisher\":\"Aurecon for AEMO\",\"published_date\":\"2025-05-09\",\"confidence\":\"medium\",\"raw_excerpt\":\"Relative cost - Power component $/kW ... 2 hours 526 ... Relative cost - Energy component $/kWh ... 2 hours 314 ... Total EPC cost $M ... 2 hours 230.8.\",\"ai_summary\":\"Unit capex per MWh is a derived estimate using AEMO/Aurecon generic BESS costs and 100 MWh storage capacity.\"},{\"field_name\":\"fixed_opex_per_mw_year_aud\",\"value_text\":\"Estimated fixed opex including extended warranty: AUD 13,300/MW-year, made up of AUD 8,000/MW-year fixed O&M plus AUD 5,300/MW-year indicative 20-year LFP extended warranty for a 2-hour BESS.\",\"value_numeric\":13300,\"unit\":\"AUD/MW-year\",\"source_url\":\"https://www.aemo.com.au/-/media/files/stakeholder_consultation/consultations/nem-consultations/2024/2025-iasr-scenarios/final-docs/aurecon-2024-energy-technology-cost-technical-parameter-review-report.pdf\",\"source_title\":\"2024 Energy Technology Cost and Technical Parameter Review\",\"publisher\":\"Aurecon for AEMO\",\"published_date\":\"2025-05-09\",\"confidence\":\"medium\",\"raw_excerpt\":\"OPEX – Annual Fixed O&M Cost $/MW (Net) ... 2 hours 8,000 ... Extended warranty (20-year battery life) $/MW (Net) ... 2 hours 5,300 ... Total annual O&M Cost (Fixed O&M + extended warranties) $k ... 2 hours 2,660.\",\"ai_summary\":\"AEMO/Aurecon 2-hour BESS fixed O&M plus extended warranty costs were used as a generic opex estimate.\"},{\"field_name\":\"fixed_opex_annual_aud\",\"value_text\":\"Estimated annual fixed opex including extended warranty: 67.2 MW × AUD 13,300/MW-year = AUD 893,760/year.\",\"value_numeric\":893760,\"unit\":\"AUD/year\",\"source_url\":\"https://www.aemo.com.au/-/media/files/stakeholder_consultation/consultations/nem-consultations/2024/2025-iasr-scenarios/final-docs/aurecon-2024-energy-technology-cost-technical-parameter-review-report.pdf\",\"source_title\":\"2024 Energy Technology Cost and Technical Parameter Review\",\"publisher\":\"Aurecon for AEMO\",\"published_date\":\"2025-05-09\",\"confidence\":\"medium\",\"raw_excerpt\":\"OPEX – Annual Fixed O&M Cost $/MW (Net) ... 2 hours 8,000 ... Extended warranty (20-year battery life) $/MW (Net) ... 2 hours 5,300 ... Total annual O&M Cost (Fixed O&M + extended warranties) $k ... 2 hours 2,660.\",\"ai_summary\":\"Annual fixed opex is a derived estimate scaled from AEMO/Aurecon generic 2-hour BESS O&M and warranty cost assumptions.\"},{\"field_name\":\"variable_opex_per_mwh_aud\",\"value_text\":\"Not estimated as a per-MWh variable cost because AEMO/Aurecon states BESS long-term service agreements are not typically based on fixed/variable structures.\",\"value_numeric\":null,\"unit\":\"AUD/MWh\",\"source_url\":\"https://www.aemo.com.au/-/media/files/stakeholder_consultation/consultations/nem-consultations/2024/2025-iasr-scenarios/final-docs/aurecon-2024-energy-technology-cost-technical-parameter-review-report.pdf\",\"source_title\":\"2024 Energy Technology Cost and Technical Parameter Review\",\"publisher\":\"Aurecon for AEMO\",\"published_date\":\"2025-05-09\",\"confidence\":\"medium\",\"raw_excerpt\":\"Variable O&M Cost $/MWh (Net) - - - - BESS long term service agreements not typically based on fixed / variable.\",\"ai_summary\":\"Variable O&M is not separately quantified for the BESS technology default.\"},{\"field_name\":\"fuel_cost_or_contract\",\"value_text\":\"No fuel cost applicable; BESS stores electricity from the network or co-located generation for later use. Awaba is described as a stand-alone battery, so charging energy cost is an electricity procurement/market exposure, not a fuel contract.\",\"value_numeric\":null,\"unit\":null,\"source_url\":\"https://www.aemo.com.au/-/media/files/stakeholder_consultation/consultations/nem-consultations/2024/2025-iasr-scenarios/final-docs/aurecon-2024-energy-technology-cost-technical-parameter-review-report.pdf\",\"source_title\":\"2024 Energy Technology Cost and Technical Parameter Review\",\"publisher\":\"Aurecon for AEMO\",\"published_date\":\"2025-05-09\",\"confidence\":\"medium\",\"raw_excerpt\":\"A battery energy storage system (BESS) stores electricity from the network or co-located generation plant, for use at a later point as needed ... Arbitrage (market participation) – buying energy (charging the BESS) at one market price and selling the energy (BESS dis-charge) at another, typically higher, market price.\",\"ai_summary\":\"The relevant cost exposure is charging electricity, not fuel. No Awaba-specific charging or tolling agreement was found.\"},{\"field_name\":\"efficiency_pct\",\"value_text\":\"2-hour BESS beginning-of-life round-trip efficiency at point of connection, including auxiliaries: 84%.\",\"value_numeric\":84,\"unit\":\"%\",\"source_url\":\"https://www.aemo.com.au/-/media/files/stakeholder_consultation/consultations/nem-consultations/2024/2025-iasr-scenarios/final-docs/aurecon-2024-energy-technology-cost-technical-parameter-review-report.pdf\",\"source_title\":\"2024 Energy Technology Cost and Technical Parameter Review\",\"publisher\":\"Aurecon for AEMO\",\"published_date\":\"2025-05-09\",\"confidence\":\"medium\",\"raw_excerpt\":\"Round trip efficiency (Beginning of Life [BOL]) % ... 1 hour 84 2 hours 84 4 hours 85 8 hours 85 ... Typical round trip efficiency (@ BOL), at the point of connection (including auxiliaries), for a full cycle of charge and discharge.\",\"ai_summary\":\"Generic technology assumption used because no Awaba-specific round-trip efficiency was found.\"},{\"field_name\":\"asset_life_years\",\"value_text\":\"Economic life/design life and technical/operational life for large-scale lithium-ion BESS: 20 years; may potentially extend to approximately 25 years depending on condition assessment, with further extension possible via battery upgrades.\",\"value_numeric\":20,\"unit\":\"years\",\"source_url\":\"https://www.aemo.com.au/-/media/files/stakeholder_consultation/consultations/nem-consultations/2024/2025-iasr-scenarios/final-docs/aurecon-2024-energy-technology-cost-technical-parameter-review-report.pdf\",\"source_title\":\"2024 Energy Technology Cost and Technical Parameter Review\",\"publisher\":\"Aurecon for AEMO\",\"published_date\":\"2025-05-09\",\"confidence\":\"medium\",\"raw_excerpt\":\"Economic Life (Design Life) Years 20 ... Technical Life (Operational Life) Years 20 Life may potentially be extended to approx. 25 years depending on condition assessment after initial 20-year life. Thereafter potential to extend project life with battery upgrades.\",\"ai_summary\":\"AEMO/Aurecon generic life/refurbishment assumption used for Awaba due to absence of project-specific refurbishment plan.\"},{\"field_name\":\"major_refurbishment_or_closure_notes\",\"value_text\":\"No Awaba-specific refurbishment or closure date found. Generic BESS note: extension to about 25 years may be possible after condition assessment; further life extension may require battery upgrades.\",\"value_numeric\":25,\"unit\":\"years\",\"source_url\":\"https://www.aemo.com.au/-/media/files/stakeholder_consultation/consultations/nem-consultations/2024/2025-iasr-scenarios/final-docs/aurecon-2024-energy-technology-cost-technical-parameter-review-report.pdf\",\"source_title\":\"2024 Energy Technology Cost and Technical Parameter Review\",\"publisher\":\"Aurecon for AEMO\",\"published_date\":\"2025-05-09\",\"confidence\":\"medium\",\"raw_excerpt\":\"Life may potentially be extended to approx. 25 years depending on condition assessment after initial 20-year life. Thereafter potential to extend project life with battery upgrades.\",\"ai_summary\":\"This is the best available default for refurbishment/life-extension notes, not Awaba-specific.\"},{\"field_name\":\"emissions_intensity_tco2_mwh\",\"value_text\":\"Direct operational emissions entered as 0 tCO2e/MWh. Battery operation itself does not generate direct emissions; however, BESS output may have indirect emissions from round-trip efficiency losses depending on charging mix. NSW Planning lists Awaba's first-year avoided carbon emissions as N/A.\",\"value_numeric\":0,\"unit\":\"tCO2e/MWh\",\"source_url\":\"https://majorprojects.planningportal.nsw.gov.au/prweb/PRRestService/mp/01/getContent?AttachRef=SSD-15950052%2120210329T034000.017+GMT\",\"source_title\":\"Eraring Battery Energy Storage System Scoping Report\",\"publisher\":\"Jacobs / Origin Energy / NSW Major Projects Planning Portal\",\"published_date\":\"2021-03-29\",\"confidence\":\"medium\",\"raw_excerpt\":\"The operation of the Battery does not generate direct emissions. Instead, it increases the GHG intensity of the electricity supplied to the National Energy Market (NEM) via the BESS as a result of system round-trip efficiency losses.\",\"ai_summary\":\"A comparable NSW BESS planning report states BESS operation has no direct emissions but can increase indirect NEM emissions due to losses. Applied as a generic BESS operating-emissions assumption.\"}],\"warnings\":[\"No Awaba-specific reported capex, EPC contract value, OEM/LTSA cost, fixed O&M, variable O&M, tolling/offtake, or charging electricity contract was found in public sources.\",\"Official NSW Planning and AGL sources describe the approved Awaba project as approximately 50 MW / 100 MWh, whereas the user supplied 67.2 MW / 100 MWh. Financial estimates use the user-supplied 67.2 MW and 100 MWh but source-backed planning scope remains 50 MW / 100 MWh.\",\"Awaba appears approved/proposed rather than operational as of the latest cited NSW Planning table update on 30 April 2026; no DUID or online date was found in the searched public sources.\",\"Capex and opex are technology-default estimates from AEMO/Aurecon, not reported Awaba project costs. Capex_basis is therefore marked estimated.\",\"Emissions intensity is direct operational only. Indirect emissions from charging and round-trip losses are dispatch-dependent and not represented by a fixed generator emissions intensity.\"]}"
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